ELI5: Explain Like I'm 5

2D percolation cluster

Imagine that you have a big piece of paper with lots of dots on it. These dots are all connected by lines, like a really big dot-to-dot picture. Some of the dots are coloured in, and some are not.

Now imagine that you have a magic marker. You can draw a big circle anywhere on the paper, and all the dots inside your circle will turn a special colour. You can keep drawing circles, and each time you do, more dots will change colour.

Eventually, if you draw enough circles, you might find that all the coloured dots are connected to each other, like a big chain. This is called a percolation cluster.

In a 2D percolation cluster, the dots and lines are arranged like a flat grid. This means that you can think of it like a big rectangle filled with tiny squares. Some of the squares are coloured in, and some are not.

If you drew circles on this rectangle with your magic marker, you would eventually create a percolation cluster. This means that all the coloured-in squares are connected to each other, like a big chain.

Percolation clusters are important in science because they help us understand things like how fluids move through materials, or how diseases spread through populations. By studying percolation clusters, scientists can learn more about how things spread and move in different environments.