The AAAS (American Association for the Advancement of Science) gives out an award to people who they think have done a REALLY good job of speaking up for scientific freedom and responsibility.
This means that these people believe that science is very important and should be treated with respect. They also think that scientists should be allowed to study things and share their results with others, without anyone trying to stop them or make them change their results to make other people happy.
When someone wins this award, it means that they have done a great job of fighting for these things and helping people understand why they're so important.