An "access structure" is like a secret club with rules about who can come in and who can't. It's the way that we decide who has permission to see or do certain things.
Let's say you have a treehouse and you don't want anyone to just climb up and visit whenever they feel like it. You might decide that only your friends who know the secret password can come in. That's an example of an access structure!
Access structures can be used for things like computer files, where you might want only certain people to be able to see or change the information. Sometimes there might be passwords or special codes that you have to know in order to get access. Other times, there might be a list of people who are allowed to come in.
The important thing to remember is that access structures are like rules or guidelines to keep things safe and secure. Just like how you might have rules in your treehouse to prevent anyone from getting hurt, access structures are there to make sure that only the right people can access certain things.