ELI5: Explain Like I'm 5

Achalasia microcephaly

Hi there! So, achalasia and microcephaly are two different things, but let's take a look at each one.

Achalasia is a fancy word for a condition where your esophagus doesn't work the way it should. Your esophagus is the tube in your body that carries the food you eat from your mouth to your stomach. Normally, when you swallow food, your muscles push it down into your stomach. But sometimes, the muscles at the bottom of your esophagus don't relax like they should. This means that food gets stuck and it can be hard to swallow. People with achalasia might feel like they have a lump in their throat, have trouble eating crunchy or hard foods, or feel like food is coming back up after they swallow.

Microcephaly is another fancy word for a condition where your head is smaller than normal. Your head has your brain inside of it, so if your head is smaller, it means your brain is smaller too. This can cause problems with development and learning. Sometimes, microcephaly is caused by genetics (which means it runs in the family), and sometimes it's caused by things like infections during pregnancy or exposure to certain chemicals.

So, achalasia and microcephaly are two different things, but they can both cause problems in your body. If you have any concerns about either condition, it's always a good idea to talk to a doctor who can help you understand more.
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