ELI5: Explain Like I'm 5

Advance market commitments

Imagine that you really, really want a lollipop. But the lollipop isn't ready yet and it's going to take a long time before it's ready. What do you do to make sure that you get your lollipop as soon as possible? That's where advance market commitments come in!

Basically, an advance market commitment is a promise made by a buyer (like a government or an organization) to pay for a product or service that isn't even available yet. This is usually done to encourage a manufacturer or producer to start making or developing the product so that it will be ready for when the buyer needs it.

In the case of the lollipop example, let's say that the government really wants to make sure that all kids have access to lollipops. They could make an advance market commitment with a lollipop manufacturer. The government will promise to pay the manufacturer a certain amount of money for a certain number of lollipops once they're ready. This helps the manufacturer because they know that they'll have a guaranteed buyer for their product, so they can start making the lollipops without worrying about whether they will sell or not.

When the lollipops are finally ready, the manufacturer will deliver them to the government and the government will pay them the agreed-upon price. This way, everyone is happy - the government gets the product they need, the manufacturer has a guaranteed buyer, and kids get their lollipops!

Advance market commitments are used in all sorts of industries - from medicine to energy to technology - to help incentivize research and development and ensure that important products and services are available when they are needed.