African independence movements were groups of people who wanted African countries to be independent or freed from the control of European countries. This meant not being controlled by other countries, and being able to make their own decisions about their own countries. African independence movements involved many people protesting against unfair laws, staging sit-ins and strikes, and writing letters to their governments asking for change. They also formed their own organizations to help give African people a chance to fight for their rights and freedoms. In many cases, independence was achieved through peaceful negotiations between the African people and their European rulers. After independence, African countries could choose their own leaders and create their own laws that were best for their citizens.