Okay, so let's imagine you're listening to a song on a radio. The song gets sent to the radio as an "analog signal," which is like a big wave. The radio takes that wave and turns it into sounds you can hear. But what if you wanted to listen to that same song at a different time? You might want to record it so you can listen to it later.
To do that, you need to turn the analog signal into a "discrete time interval" signal, which is like taking a snapshot of the song at different moments in time. It's kind of like taking a bunch of pictures of a moving object to make a stop-motion animation.
So we need a device that can take the analog signal from the radio and turn it into a digital signal that we can save on a computer or on a CD. That device is called an "analog-to-digital converter" (ADC for short).
The ADC takes samples of the analog signal at regular intervals (called the "sampling frequency"). Each sample is like taking a picture of the song at that moment in time. The ADC then takes those samples and turns them into a sequence of numbers that represent the amplitude (or loudness) of each sample.
So, in summary, the analog signal to discrete time interval converter takes an analog signal (like a song on the radio) and turns it into a sequence of numbers that represent the amplitude of each sample (like taking a bunch of pictures of the song at different moments in time).