When we say "ancient near eastern religion", we are talking about the religious beliefs and practices of the people who lived in parts of the Middle East a really long time ago, like thousands of years ago. These people had different gods and goddesses that they believed in and prayed to.
Back then, people didn't have science to explain things like thunderstorms or the changing of the seasons. So they came up with stories about powerful beings controlling these things. In ancient near eastern religions, each god or goddess had their own area of control. For example, there was a god of the sky, a goddess of fertility, and a god of war.
People used to build big, fancy temples to worship these gods and goddesses. They would bring gifts to the temples to show their devotion and ask for blessings. They also had special priests and priestesses who were in charge of leading the worship services and making sure the temples were taken care of.
One of the most famous ancient near eastern religions is the religion of the ancient Egyptians. They believed in many gods and goddesses, like Ra the sun god and Isis the goddess of motherhood. They also believed in the afterlife - that when a person died, their soul would go on to another world where they would live forever. This belief led to the mummification of bodies and the building of elaborate tombs and pyramids.
Overall, ancient near eastern religion helps us understand how people in the past made sense of the world around them and tried to connect with powerful beings they believed could help them in their lives.