Okay kiddo, imagine you have a mailbox on the street where people can leave you postcards and letters. But sometimes, some people try to put bad things in your mailbox, like strange ads or even mean messages. That's what we call spam.
But don't worry, there are techniques to prevent these bad things from getting into your mailbox. First, your mailbox has a special filter that can read the address on each postcard or letter. If the address is not from someone you know or doesn't look good, the filter will put it aside and not let it in. This is called address filtering.
Another way to stop spam is by using a different type of filter that can recognize some bad words and phrases. If these words appear in an email, the filter will put it in the spam folder. This is called content filtering.
There are also some clever tools that let your mailbox talk with other mailboxes on the street to ask if they know the sender or if they have received similar messages before. If the other mailboxes say it's bad, your mailbox won't take it in. This is called reputation filtering.
And finally, your mailbox has a special way to check the postcards and letters that have already come in to see if they look like spam. If they do, they will be moved to the spam folder. This is called spam scanning.
All of these techniques together help to keep your mailbox and your inbox safe and free of bad things. So you can keep receiving postcards, letters, and emails from nice people!