Antieigenvalue theory is a big and complex idea in math that helps us understand some really tricky problems. At its core, antieigenvalue theory is all about finding the opposite of an eigenvalue.
Now, an eigenvalue can be a little tricky to understand if you've never heard of it. Basically, an eigenvalue is a specific number that describes how a matrix (which is just a fancy name for a table of numbers) affects a certain vector (which is just a special kind of list of numbers). This number is really important in understanding how that matrix and vector work together.
Okay, so back to antieigenvalue theory. The idea is that sometimes, we don't just want to know the eigenvalue of a matrix and vector - we want to know the opposite, or "antieigenvalue". That means we're looking for a different number that can still help us understand how that matrix and vector work together.
Why would we want to do that? Well, it turns out that there are some problems where antieigenvalue theory can be really useful. For example, imagine you're trying to figure out how a virus spreads through a population. You might use a matrix and vector to represent the different ways the virus can move between people. And by finding the antieigenvalue of that matrix, you could get a better understanding of how the virus is spreading and how to stop it.
Now, this is all very complicated stuff, and it's not something you'd normally learn about until you're much older and studying advanced math. But the basic idea is that antieigenvalue theory is all about finding a different (but still really important) number that helps us understand how matrices and vectors work together.