The Arab Cold War was a period of political and military tension between certain Arab countries in the Middle East and North Africa from the 1950s until the early 1990s. Several of the countries involved—Egypt, Syria, Iraq, and Saudi Arabia—all had different ideas as to how their countries should be run. This led to various conflicts, like military invasions, economic sanctions, and other forms of conflict, that would go on for decades. It was called a Cold War because many of the conflicts were between Arab countries, but there was never actually a direct war.