ELI5: Explain Like I'm 5

Arthropod head problem

When you look at an insect or a spider, you can see that they have a head with eyes, mouth, and antennae. However, there is a problem with how the head of an arthropod, like an insect or a spider, is created.

Just like you have bones in your body, arthropods also have a hard outer layer called an exoskeleton that covers their body. This exoskeleton provides support and protection, but it cannot grow. This means that as an arthropod grows, it needs to shed its exoskeleton and create a new, larger one.

Now, here's the problem: the head of an arthropod is fused to its exoskeleton, which means that when it needs to shed its exoskeleton, the head comes off with it! So how does an arthropod maintain its head?

To fix this problem, arthropods have evolved something called a "suture." A suture is a weak spot in the exoskeleton that allows the head to detach from the old exoskeleton and stay attached to the body.

Think of it like a zipper. When an arthropod needs to shed its exoskeleton, the suture acts like a zipper that unzips the exoskeleton, allowing the head to stay attached to the body while the arthropod crawls out of its old exoskeleton. Once it has shed its exoskeleton and created a new, larger one, the suture "zips up" again, and the arthropod has a new exoskeleton with its head safely attached.

In summary, arthropods have a head problem because their heads are fused to their exoskeletons. But they've evolved a solution to this problem by creating a suture, which acts like a zipper to allow the head to detach and reattach to the body during the shedding process.