An authenticator is like a secret code that makes sure you are who you say you are when you want to do something important on the internet. It's like a secret handshake that only you and the computer know.
Let's say you want to access your email, but your email is a secret that only you should be able to see. Someone else might try to pretend to be you and get into your email! An authenticator makes it so that only you can access your email by making sure you know a secret code or have a special token (like a key) that only you have.
So, when you want to get into your email, you'll need to type in your secret code or show the computer your special token. Once the computer knows that you have the code or token, it will let you into your email and keep other people out. This helps to keep your stuff safe and secure on the internet.