ELI5: Explain Like I'm 5

Basil Bernstein

Basil Bernstein was a British sociologist who studied the way that language affects the way people learn, interact, and think. He proposed the theory of 'elaborated and restricted codes'. This theory said that people can use two different kinds of language to communicate. Elaborated codes are more precise, detailed, and formal. Restricted codes are brief, simple, and informal.
For example, when you talk to your friends or family, you might use restricted codes like slang and casual phrases. On the other hand, when you are writing an essay for school you would use more precise words and complex sentences - this is an example of an elaborated code. Bernstein thought that how we use language affects the way we understand and learn about the world.