Okay, imagine you're playing a game of hide and seek, but instead of hiding in your house, you're hiding in a big park with lots of trees and bushes. Now imagine there are other kids playing the same game in other parks all over the world. Each group of kids has their own park, and they're all trying to find the best hiding spot.
Biogeography-based optimization (BBO) is a lot like this game of hide and seek. Instead of kids, we have computer programs trying to find the best solution to a problem. Each computer program is like a group of kids playing in their own park. But instead of trees and bushes, the park is a computer program with lots of variables (think of variables as things that can change, like the color of your shirt or the number of fingers on your hand).
The BBO algorithm works by borrowing ideas from biogeography, which is the study of how plants and animals move and evolve. Just like animals and plants that move from one place to another, the computer programs in BBO can move from one set of variables to another, looking for the best solution.
But instead of just wandering around, the computer programs are guided by a set of rules or "fitness functions" that score each move based on how close it gets to the best solution. So each computer program is like a kid who's trying to find the best hiding spot, but they're using a set of rules to help them get there.
The BBO algorithm keeps track of all the different computer programs and the solutions they find. Just like the kids in the hide and seek game, some computer programs are better at finding the best solution than others. The BBO algorithm uses the best solutions from each program to create even better solutions. So it's like the kids from different parks sharing their best hiding spots with each other and then coming up with an even better spot that no one has thought of before.
In summary, biogeography-based optimization is a way for computer programs to find the best solution to a problem by "moving" between different sets of variables and using rules to guide their search, much like a game of hide and seek in a big park with lots of players.