So, the Brenner Debate is a big discussion about how the economy works in parts of Europe a long time ago. Some grown-ups think that the way things worked back then was because of how people owned land and how they used it to grow crops. Other grown-ups think that it was because of something called "capitalism" which is when people buy and sell things to make money.
Basically, the debate is about whether the economy worked because of the way people owned land and grew crops or because of this thing called "capitalism."
It might seem like a boring topic to a little kid, but it's important for grown-ups who want to understand how the world works!