Calotype is a type of photography that was popular a LONG time ago (we're talking about the 1800s). It was invented by a smart man named William Henry Fox Talbot.
The cool thing about calotype is that it allowed people to make more than one copy of a picture. Before calotype, photographers had to take one picture at a time and they couldn't make more of it. But with calotype, they could make many copies of the same picture!
Here's how it works: you take a piece of paper that has some special chemicals on it. Then you put it in a camera and take a picture. After that, you take the paper out of the camera and put it in another chemical that makes the picture show up.
But there's a catch - the picture is kind of fuzzy and not very clear. That's because the chemicals on the paper make a negative image, which means that the picture looks backwards. So, to make it look normal (the way we're used to seeing things), photographers had to make a copy of the negative (like making a copy of a drawing), but they use another special paper that was like the first one but with different chemicals. This process of making a copy is called "printing".
Even though calotype is very old, it was an important invention because it paved the way for other types of photography that we still use today. Pretty cool, right?