Categorical proposition

A categorical proposition is a way of talking about things that uses words like "all", "some", and "none". Imagine you have a bunch of toys in front of you, and you want to describe which ones are red. If you say "All the toys are red", that's a categorical proposition. It means every single toy you have is red.

If you say "Some of the toys are red", that means that you have both red and non-red toys. You're just saying that there's at least one red toy in the bunch.

If you say "None of the toys are red", that means that there are no red toys in your collection.

These are examples of categorical propositions because they make a claim about the relationship between two groups of things: the toys and the ones that are red. This is a way of thinking that goes back to ancient Greece, where philosophers like Aristotle thought a lot about how we can use language to talk about the world around us.