A centaur is a space thing that lives in the area around the sun called the solar system. It's not a planet or star, but instead it's a small piece of rock and ice. Sometimes, it can look like a comet because it has a big tail made of gas and dust.
Centaur orbits around the sun in a special way. It's not too far away from the sun and not too close, so it's in a special spot called the outer solar system. It moves around the sun on a path that's not a perfect circle, so sometimes it gets closer to the sun and sometimes it gets farther away.
Scientists study centaurs to learn more about what's in the outer solar system and how things move around in space. Although centaur might be small, it can tell us important things about the universe we live in.