A centrifugal pendulum absorber is like a toy that you might see in a playground. It's made up of a heavy ball that is connected to a string or rope. When you hold the rope and swing the ball around in circles, it wants to keep going in a straight line but the rope keeps it from doing that. When you stop swinging the ball around, it will try to keep going in a straight line but the rope will pull it back towards you.
In a centrifugal pendulum absorber, instead of a ball on a string, there is a heavy disc that spins around really fast. It's connected to the thing that you want to absorb energy from like an engine or a machine that moves. When the machine moves, it makes the disc spin. Just like with the ball on the string, the spinning disc wants to keep going in a straight line when the machine starts to slow down but it's connected to the machine so it pulls the machine with it, taking some of the energy from the machine and stopping it from vibrating too much or shaking.
So, a centrifugal pendulum absorber is like a toy, but it's a very useful one that helps to stop machines from shaking too much and making too much noise.