A certificate of freedom is a piece of paper that says you are allowed to be free and not a slave. So, a long time ago in history, some people were unfortunately taken from their homes and made to work for other people without being paid or having any say in what they did. This was a really bad thing called slavery.
However, eventually, some people realized that this wasn't fair and slavery was wrong. So, they created something called a certificate of freedom which was a special paper that a person who was once a slave could get to show that they were no longer owned by someone else and could do what they wanted.
Getting a certificate of freedom was a really important thing for a person who had been a slave because without it, they could still be treated like property and owned by someone else. So, it was like having a secret superpower that made them free and able to make their own choices in life.