Okay, let's imagine a group of kids playing together. They want to share their toys and have fun together. But sometimes, one kid wants to keep all the toys for themselves and not share with the others. This can make the other kids feel left out and unhappy.
In the Philippines, there was a similar situation with the government. The government was like the kid who wanted to keep all the toys to themselves. They didn't share things equally with all the people in the country. Some rich people had lots of good things, but many poor people didn't have enough food or a safe place to live. This made those people very unhappy.
So, some people decided they needed to do something about it. They wanted the government to share things more fairly with everyone. They called themselves Communists. They organized themselves into a group, and they started to rebel against the government.
Rebelling means that they started fighting against the government, like how kids might fight over toys sometimes. They used guns and weapons to protect themselves from the government's soldiers. They wanted to take control of the country and make it a better place for everyone to live.
Unfortunately, the fighting lasted for a long time. Many people were hurt, and many families were split apart. Even today, there is still fighting going on between the government and the Communists in the Philippines.
So, in short, the Communist Rebellion in the Philippines is a group of people who were fighting against the government because they wanted more fair treatment for everyone.