Componential analysis is a way of understanding something. It looks at all the parts that make up a thing and tries to understand how they work together. To use this type of analysis, you break down the thing you want to understand into its different components, then you look at how each part affects the whole. For example, if you wanted to understand a car engine, you would look at the pistons, spark plugs, exhaust pipe, fuel injector, and other parts of the engine and figure out how each part works and how they all fit together.