Composite pattern

Imagine you have a bunch of toys that come in different shapes and sizes like squares, circles, and triangles. But you also have a special toy box that can hold all of these toys, no matter their shape or size. This toy box is like the composite pattern in programming.

In real life, a composite pattern is a design pattern used in programming where you can group objects together as one whole object, just like how a toy box can hold different toys. This pattern allows you to treat a group of objects (also called components) as a single object, making it easier to manage and use them.

Let's say you have a group of shapes (a circle, a square, and a triangle) and you want to apply the same action (like coloring them red) to all of them at once. Instead of having to apply the change to each shape one by one, you can use the composite pattern to group them together and apply the change to the group as a whole.

Just like how you can add and remove toys from the toy box, you can add and remove components from the composite object. You can also have nested composite objects, where a group of components can also contain other groups of components.

Overall, the composite pattern is a way to organize a collection of objects into a tree-like structure, where each object can be treated as a single entity even though it's made up of smaller components.