ELI5: Explain Like I'm 5

Contingent negative variation

Hi there! Have you ever heard of something called "contingent negative variation" or CNV for short? No? Well, I'm here to help you understand it like you're five years old!

So, first things first, did you ever play that game where you had to wait for a signal before you could do something? Maybe you played a game where you had to wait for the whistle before you could run, or wait for the teacher to say go before you could start coloring. Well, we can use that game as an example of what CNV is.

CNV is basically the way our brain prepares to do something when we know that there will be a signal. So, in the game, your brain knows that you have to wait for the whistle before you can run. As you wait, your brain starts to get ready to run by doing something called "CNV".

But what does CNV look like in the brain? Well, imagine your brain is like a computer screen. When you turn on the computer, it usually takes a few seconds to start up and get ready to use, right? That's kind of what happens in our brain too. When we know we're going to have to wait for a signal to do something, our brain starts to get ready to receive that signal by creating something called a "negative" wave on the computer screen.

This negative wave is called "contingent negative variation" because it's contingent, or dependent, on whether or not we're waiting for a signal. And it's negative because, well, it's a negative wave on the computer screen.

So, to summarize, CNV is basically the way our brain starts to get ready to do something when it knows there will be a signal. It's like the computer screen starting up, and it looks like a negative wave on the screen. Just like waiting for the whistle to run, our brain uses CNV to get ready to take action when we know something is coming. Pretty cool, right?