D-Bus is like a bus that lets different programs talk to each other. Just like how you would use a bus to travel to different places, programs can use D-Bus to send messages to each other.
Let's say you have two programs, A and B. A wants to send a message to B but doesn't know how to contact B. By using D-Bus, A can send a message to the bus driver (called the "message bus") and say "Hey, can you please give this message to program B?"
The message bus then checks its list of programs and sends the message to B. When B receives the message, it sends a response back to A through the message bus.
D-Bus is used a lot on Linux and other operating systems where there are many programs running at the same time. It helps these programs communicate with each other easily and efficiently, just like people using a bus to travel around a city.