Okay, so imagine you're on a swing at the playground. When you first start swinging, you might push yourself really high and the swing will go back and forth for a while before eventually stopping on its own.
Now let's imagine you have a friend who decides to push you while you're already swinging. Depending on how hard they push you, the swing might move more or less than it did before. But eventually, just like before, the swing will slow down and come to a stop.
This is where damping capacity comes in! Damping capacity is like the swing's ability to slow down and stop after it's been pushed. The swing's ability to do this depends on different factors, like how heavy it is, how long its chains are, and how much air resistance there is. All of these things affect how quickly the swing slows down and stops moving.
In other words, damping capacity is a way to measure how good something is at slowing down and stopping after being pushed or hit. This is important in lots of different areas, from car shock absorbers to musical instruments to buildings that need to be able to withstand earthquakes. The better something's damping capacity, the less likely it is to keep moving and causing problems after being hit or moved.