Dhimmitude is a term used to describe a set of special rules that Muslim rulers made over 1000 years ago. These rules said that people who were not Muslim, like Christians and Jews, did not have to convert to Islam. But they had to obey some special rules or laws. That meant they had to pay extra taxes and not protest the Muslim rulers. In return, the non-Muslims were allowed to keep their religious beliefs and customs. Basically, dhimmitude was a way for the Muslim rulers to let non-Muslims keep their beliefs and customs, but still be under the Muslim rulers.