Okay kiddo, let me explain to you what disenfranchisement means after the reconstruction era. Do you remember learning in school about the time after the civil war when the slaves were freed? Well, after that, there was a time called the reconstruction era when the government tried to make things better for black people by giving them more rights and making sure they could vote.
But, unfortunately, some people did not like this idea of black people having more power and they didn't want them to vote. So, they created laws and rules that made it really hard for black people to vote. They did things like making them pay a lot of money to vote, taking away their right to vote if they didn't pass certain tests that were impossible to pass, or even threatening to hurt them if they voted.
All these mean tricks made it so that many black people could not vote, and this is what we call disenfranchisement. It is like when someone takes away your right to do something that you should be able to do.
This made life really hard for black people because they didn't have the power to elect leaders that looked like them or supported their ideas, and they couldn't fight against unfair laws and rules that were made against them. And it took a very long time for black people to be able to vote freely again, which is why it is so important to always stand up for everyone's right to vote, no matter who they are!