Donor (semiconductors)

Okay kiddo, so you know that everything is made up of tiny things called atoms, right? Well, there are certain materials called semiconductors that are really good at conducting (moving) electricity, but they need a little help from special atoms called donors.

Imagine you're playing catch with your friend, but you can't quite reach them. You need a taller friend to help you out by lifting you up so you can catch the ball. That's kind of what donors do for semiconductors. They donate, or give away, an extra electron to the semiconductor, making it easier for electricity to move through it.

These donors are usually a different type of atom than what's in the semiconductor, like boron or phosphorus. They have one less or one extra electron than the semiconductor atoms, which makes them very eager to share that extra electron.

When you put a bunch of these donors in a semiconductor material, you can control how much electricity can flow through it and even make it work like a tiny switch. This is really useful for making things like computer chips, solar cells, and LED lights.

So basically, donors are like friends who lift you up to catch the ball, but for semiconductors to conduct electricity.