EEG microstates are like little snapshots of your brain activity that show how different parts of your brain are communicating with each other. Imagine you have a bunch of different toys and you're playing with them all at the same time. Each toy represents a different area of your brain, like the part that controls your movement or the part that processes sounds. Your brain is so busy playing with all these toys that sometimes it needs to take a break and just focus on one toy at a time. When your brain takes this break, it enters a "microstate" where it's only playing with one toy and ignoring all the others for a little while.
Scientists can measure these microstates by putting little sensors on your head that detect the tiny electrical signals that your brain cells produce. They can use these signals to see which parts of your brain are active and which ones are taking a break. By studying these microstates, scientists can learn more about how your brain works and how it can sometimes get overwhelmed by all the different things going on at once.
So, think of EEG microstates like little breaks your brain takes to focus on just one thing at a time, so it can keep playing with all its toys more effectively!