Filamentous carbon is like a bunch of little tiny strings made out of carbon atoms. It's kind of like the stuff that makes up graphite in a pencil, but instead of being flat and smooth it's long and thin like hair or a piece of spaghetti.
These little strings are super strong because carbon atoms are really good at sticking together. They're also really light, so they can be used in things like batteries or airplane parts to make them stronger and lighter.
Scientists and engineers can make filamentous carbon by heating up certain chemicals until they turn into gas. Then, they let the gas cool down and form these tiny strings. It's kind of like magic!
Overall, filamentous carbon is a really cool material that can be used in all sorts of things to make them stronger and better.