"Finders, keepers" is a rule some people use when they find something on the ground that nobody else is around to claim. So, imagine you're walking down the street and you see a shiny coin on the ground. If nobody is around to say that they lost it, you might be able to keep it for yourself.
But just because you found something doesn't necessarily mean you can keep it. If the thing you found belongs to someone else or has some legal ownership, like a stray dog or someone's bike you took by accident, you need to give it back to the rightful owner.
So the rule really only applies to things that don't belong to anyone else and aren't valuable enough for the law to get involved. Otherwise, it's important to be honest and do the right thing by returning lost items to their owners or the local authorities.