Imagine you're playing with Legos. You have a bunch of small Lego blocks that you're going to put together to make a tall tower. When you start building your tower, each Lego block adds a little bit of height. But as you stack more and more Legos on top of each other, each new block you add doesn't make the tower quite as much taller as the earlier blocks did.
The Forouhi-Bloomer model is kind of like building a tower with Legos. It tells us how light behaves when it passes through a material like glass or plastic. Light is made up of tiny particles called photons, and when it hits a material, some of the photons get absorbed (like a Lego block getting stuck in the middle of your tower instead of helping it get taller) and some of them pass through.
The Forouhi-Bloomer model is all about how much the light slows down and changes direction when it passes through the material. In other words, just like the Legos in your tower, each layer of the material adds a little bit of change to the light that passes through it. But, just like with Legos, each additional layer doesn't change the light quite as much as the previous layer did.
Scientists use the Forouhi-Bloomer model to figure out things like how thick a layer of material needs to be to block certain wavelengths of light or how much light gets reflected off of certain materials. So, just like with Legos, the model helps scientists build things!