Okay kiddo, so first let's talk about what a sensor is. A sensor is something that can detect things. Kind of like how your eyes can see or your ears can hear. But instead of seeing or hearing, a sensor can measure things like temperature, pressure or sound levels.
Now for the frequency domain part. Think of it as a way to see or measure something in a different way. Kind of like how you can look at a picture of something or you can feel it with your hands. The frequency domain is another way to see what a sensor is detecting.
For example, let's say you have a sensor that measures sound levels. Normally you would just see a number that tells you how loud the sound is. But if you look at the frequency domain, you can see what types of sounds are making up that loud noise. For instance, the sensor can show you if the sound is made up of higher pitched noises or lower pitched noises.
So a frequency domain sensor is just a sensor that can help us see and understand things in a different way by looking at the different frequencies of the thing it is measuring.