Friedrich Robert Helmert was a very smart man who lived a long time ago. He was born in 1843 in Germany, which is very far away. He was interested in measuring things, like how heavy something is, or how tall someone is. He liked math a lot and used it to study the shape of the Earth!
You see, the Earth isn't flat like a pancake, it's actually round like a ball. But it's not a perfect ball, it's a little bit squished at the top and bottom. It's like if you took a ball and squeezed it a little bit from the top and bottom, it would look more like the Earth.
Helmert wanted to figure out exactly how the Earth was shaped, so he did some really hard math to measure the squishiness of the Earth. He came up with a way to measure it that was super accurate, and people still use it today!
Because of his work, we know more about the shape of the Earth and can make better maps and travel around the world more easily. Helmert was a really smart scientist who helped us understand our planet better!