Have you ever played with Play-Doh and created a shape or object? That's sort of how full-mold casting works, but with metal.
First, a master copy of the object is created out of a more flexible material, such as foam or wax. Then, this master copy is used to create a mold out of sand or other material. The mold is made in two pieces, which fit together perfectly like a puzzle.
After the mold is made, it's filled with molten metal. The metal flows into all the little nooks and crannies in the mold to create an exact copy of the master object. The metal is left to cool and harden, and then the two pieces of the mold are separated, revealing the metal object inside.
Full-mold casting is a very precise way to create metal objects because the mold is made to fit the master copy exactly. It's like making a photocopy of a picture, but instead of paper and ink, we're using metal and a mold.