Okay, so imagine you have a friend named Sarah and you want to send her a letter. But there are a lot of people named Sarah in the world, so you have to be really specific about which Sarah you mean. You might say "Sarah Smith who lives at 123 Main Street, New York City, USA." That way, the post office knows exactly where to deliver the letter.
A fully qualified domain name (FQDN) is kind of like that for computers on the internet. Instead of a name and address, each computer has a unique series of numbers called an IP address, like 192.168.1.1. But those numbers are really hard for humans to remember, so we use domain names instead, like Google.com or Facebook.com.
But again, there might be a lot of websites with the name Google or Facebook, so we have to get even more specific. A fully qualified domain name tells the internet exactly which website we're looking for, like "www.Google.com" or "www.Facebook.com". That way, the internet knows which computer to connect us to.
So just like you need to be specific about which Sarah you mean when you send a letter, computers need to be specific about which website they're trying to connect to. That's what a fully qualified domain name is for.