A gas burner is like a little mouth that breathes fire to cook your food. It's made up of a few different parts. The first is the knob that you turn to make the fire go higher or lower. When you turn the knob, it tells a little gas valve to open or close, letting more or less gas go through to the burner.
Once the gas is flowing, it goes through a little tube called a gas jet. The gas jet has a tiny hole where the gas comes out. When the gas mixes with the air, it makes a little flame at the end of the tube that looks like a little blue teardrop.
The flame gets hot and heats up a metal plate or a grid that sits on top of the burner, and that's where you put your pots and pans. There are little holes in the metal plate to let the heat come through, so the food touching the plate gets nice and hot too.
When you're done cooking, you turn the knob off, and the gas valve closes, stopping the flow of gas. The little flame goes out, and the burner cools down.