Gaussian free field

A Gaussian free field (GFF) is a special kind of mathematical picture that can be used to measure different kinds of landscapes. Mathematicians can use GFF like they would use a ruler to measure the landscape. It’s a type of mathematical graph that shows how steep or flat an area is. Imagine a topographic map of a mountain range. The graph will show each peak and valley in the landscape so that you can measure the height of each peak, the depth of each valley, and how far apart they are. GFFs can be used to map out any kind of landscape or situation, not just physical ones like mountains. They can be used to map out financial situations or biological situations too.