Grain filler is like a special mud or paste that you can use to fill up the tiny little holes in wood so that they look smooth and flat.
You know how sometimes when you look at a piece of wood really closely, you can see little bumps and holes in it? Those are called grains. Grain filler can make those bumps and holes go away, so the wood looks really nice and even.
It's kind of like frosting on a cake - you put it on top of the cake to make it smooth and pretty. Grain filler is like that, but for wood. You put it on top of the wood to make it smooth and pretty too!