Guṇa is a word used in Jainism to describe something's qualities, like its shape, color, or texture. Think of it like a recipe for how something is made up. For example, if we were talking about a fruit, its guṇa would include things like whether it's round or oblong, whether it's red or green or yellow, and whether it's smooth or bumpy.
But for Jainism, guṇa is not just physical qualities. It can also describe the qualities of our actions and our thoughts. These qualities can be good (like kindness, honesty, and patience) or bad (like anger, greed, or jealousy).
In Jainism, it's important to live in a way that promotes good guṇa and avoids bad guṇa. By doing this, we can avoid causing harm to others and ultimately reach a state of enlightenment called moksha.