High-resolution transmission electron microscopy is like taking a really really powerful microscope and looking inside things that are very very small, like really really tiny bugs or even tinier molecules.
Imagine looking at something as small as a hair on your head, but being able to see every little detail of it, even the individual strands of hair making it up. That's what high-resolution transmission electron microscopy can do!
It works by firing beams of electrons (tiny little particles) at the thing you want to look at. The electrons bounce off the tiny thing and create a pattern on a screen behind it. Scientists can then analyze that pattern to learn all about what the tiny thing is made of and how it works.
So basically, it's like being able to look at things that are way too small to see with your eyes, but using special tools to make them bigger and more detailed.