Anarchism is a way of thinking that believes that no one person should have control over everybody else. Instead, people should be free to do what they think is right and to make their own decisions. This idea of no government, or a "stateless society," has been around for a long time. Some people believed it was a good way to live as early as ancient Greece.
In the 1800s, philosophers, artists, and writers began to talk about anarchism more often, and some people even wrote books about it. The most famous of these books was called Anarchy, and it was written by a man named Proudhon. His book encouraged people to think differently about government and argued that everyone should have an equal say in how the world is run.
Over the next 100 years, different people and groups around the world learned about anarchy and started to form communities that were organized without a government. They tried to show how a society could work without anyone having control over others. Today, many people still practice and study anarchism, and some cities even have anarchist communities.