The hua-yi distinction is a very old idea that people once used to describe the differences between themselves and other groups of people who lived in different parts of the world. Hua is a Chinese word that means "China," and yi means "barbarian" or "non-Chinese." So, this idea is often translated to mean "Chinese and barbarian."
The idea of the hua-yi distinction is that people who live in China (hua) are different from people who live outside of China (yi) because they have different cultures, customs, and ways of life. For many centuries, the Chinese believed that they were superior to non-Chinese people, and that their culture was the best and most advanced in the world.
This idea was reflected in many different aspects of Chinese society, including their laws, their literature, and their art. In literature, for example, Chinese writers often portrayed non-Chinese people as primitive or backward, while Chinese people were depicted as civilized and sophisticated.
However, as time went on and China became more connected to the world through trade and other interactions, the hua-yi distinction began to break down. Today, many people in China understand that people all over the world have different cultures and ways of life, and that no one culture is inherently superior to another.