The hurter-driffield curve is a graph that shows the relationship between the amount of light that enters a camera and the resulting picture's brightness. Imagine you have a magic box that takes pictures, and you want to make sure the picture comes out just right. The hurter-driffield curve helps you figure out how much light you need to get the perfect picture.
It works like this: The curve shows that as you increase the amount of light that enters the camera, the picture gets brighter. At some point, however, the picture will become too bright, and you'll start losing details in the highlights (the brightest parts of the picture). As you continue to increase the amount of light, these details disappear completely.
So the hurter-driffield curve helps you find the sweet spot where the picture is bright enough but still has all the details. It also shows that if you don't get it right, the picture can end up too dark or too bright.
In simpler terms, the hurter-driffield curve is like a guide that helps you balance the amount of light going into the camera with the brightness of your picture, so you don't end up with a picture that's too bright or too dark.