Have you ever been in a car and noticed how you feel pulled to the side when the car makes a sharp turn? This is because of inertia, which is a fancy word that means things want to keep moving in a straight line.
An inertial guidance system is like a super smart GPS that uses inertia to help planes, rockets, and other vehicles figure out where they are and where they're going.
Inside of the guidance system, there are little sensors that can feel how the vehicle is moving. These sensors can tell if the vehicle is speeding up, slowing down, turning, or twisting.
The guidance system uses this information to do some fancy math and figure out where the vehicle is in space. It can also use this information to predict where the vehicle will be in the future.
Using this information, the guidance system can help the vehicle stay on course and reach its destination.
So basically, an inertial guidance system is like a super smart GPS that uses sensors to feel how a vehicle is moving and figure out where it is and where it's going.