Jewish autonomism is like when grown-ups let you have a little bit of control over your own things, but still keep an eye on you to make sure everything is okay.
So, a long time ago, Jewish people didn't have their own country or government. They lived in different parts of the world and often had to follow the rules of the people in power where they lived. Sometimes, this wasn't very fair to the Jewish people.
But some Jewish people thought they should have their own government and control over their own lives, kind of like how grown-ups have their own government to make decisions for them. They wanted a place where they could live, work, and worship without being treated unfairly.
Jewish autonomists believed that Jews should have their own self-governing communities within the countries they lived in. This means that while they still lived in the same country as everybody else, they could have their own rules and leaders that looked out for their specific needs.
The idea was that Jewish people would have more say in what happened in their communities and would be able to protect themselves better. It was like a compromise between having their own country and living within the countries they already lived in.
Overall, Jewish autonomism was a way for Jewish people to have a little bit of control over their own lives and protect themselves from unfair treatment.