ELI5: Explain Like I'm 5

Legendre symbol

The legendre symbol is like a superhero that helps us figure out if a number is a perfect square or not. Let's imagine that you have a secret code that only these superheroes can understand and help you unlock the mystery.

They work by taking two numbers, let's say A and P (where P is an odd prime number), and then they give us a number as an answer which is either 1, -1, or 0.

If the answer is 1, then it means that A is a perfect square of some integer. If the answer is -1, then it means that A is not a perfect square, and if the answer is 0, then it means that A is divisible by P.

So, if we have a number A and a prime number P, we can use the legendre symbol to check if A is a perfect square or not. It is like having a magic tool to solve a math puzzle!

Although it may seem complicated, legendre symbols are really cool tools that can help mathematicians solve even more complicated problems in number theory.