Malthusianism is an idea from the 1800s named after a British economist named Thomas Malthus. He claimed that if populations kept growing, there would soon be too many people for the amount of food that could be produced. He believed that because of this, populations must be kept in check by famine, disease and war. This means that if the population keeps growing, eventually there won't be enough food for everyone and people will have to suffer from hunger, disease, and war in order to keep the population from growing too large.